TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF TOURISM RELATED RULES
Abstract
From historical and comparative law perspective, the emergence, development and legal regulation of tourism (tourist activities) greatly depends on the degree of development and organization of certain society. In the earliest stage, tourist activity was rare, and there were no special rules governing the relationship between providers and users of tourist services. Therefore, in the absence of special rules, this relationship was subject to customary law and general rules of civil law. The increase in the number of users of tourist services and their subordination in relation to traders - service providers, has imposed the need for greater legal protection of tourists, both during the journey, as well as in the place of temporary residence. The aim of this paper is to identify the origins of tourism related rules in order to determine why and how these rules have been developed, retained, amended, supplemented, or rejected. In addition, the paper will provide an overview of the development of tourism worldwide, in Serbia and at the EU level.
Downloads
References
Bunja, Đ. (2006): Turističko ugostiteljstvo (skripta) [Hospitality in Tourism (script)], Sveučilište u Zadru [Faculty of Zadar], Zadar. Available at: http://djelatnici.unizd.hr/~gianni/skripta.pdf, (April 20, 2016).
Casson, L., (1994): Travel in the Ancient World, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
Cristea, A. (2012): History, Tradition and Continuity in Tourism Development in the European Area, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 178-186.
Downes, J. (2007): Creating a Coherent Legislative Framework for Tourism Development, 19th IFTTA Conference, Portugal.
Downes, J. (2004): Institutional and Regulatory Framework for Jordan’s Tourism Sector, Final Report, Jordan.
Dragašević, M. (1990): Ugovori u turizmu [Contracts in tourism], Univerzitetska riječ, Nikšić, 1990.
Gyr, U. (2010): The History of Tourism: Structures on the Path to Modernity, European History Online, Mainz Institute of European History. Available at: http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/the-history-of-tourism/ueli-gyr-the-history-of-tourism/at_download/dnb, (April 20, 2016).
Ivošević, B. (1974): Odgovornost pomorskog brodara, [Liability of maritime shipping], Institut za uporedno pravo [Institute of Comparative Law], Beograd [Belgrade].
Jaramaz Reskušić, I., Krka, M. (2007): Furtum u rimskom privatnom pravu: pojam i pravna zaštita [Furtim in the Roman private law: concept and legal protection], Pravnik [The lawyer], vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 143-172.
Lazić, S. (2015): Turizam u Beogradu između dva svetska rata [Tourism in Belgrade between the two world wars], Novi Sad, TIMS Acta, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 37-47.
McIntosh R., Goeldner C., Ritchie, B. (1995): Tourism Principles, Practices, Philosophies, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Mićović, А. (2015а): Tajm-šering i sa njim slični i povezani ugovori [Time-Sharing, Timeshare-Like Products and Ancilarry Contracts], dok. disertacija [doctoral thesis], Kragujevac.
Mićović, A., (2015b): Evolution of Time-Sharing: From an Innovative Legal Concept to a Modern Tourism Product, Investment Policies, Industrial Development and Economic Growth, editors Siniša Miletić, Dušan Cogoljević, Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship/Bar Code Graphics, Belgrade/Chicago, pp. 520-534.
Mićović, A. (2014): Zaštita sticalaca tajm-šeringa u slučaju prekograničnih sporova [Protection of Timeshare Purchasers in the Case of Cross-Border Consumer Disputes], Zbornik [Conference Proceedings]: „XXI vek – vek usluga i Uslužnog prava“ [XXI Century – Century of Services and Service Law], Knjiga 5 [Book 5], Kragujevac, Pravni fakultet u Kragujevcu, Institut za pravne i društvene nauke [Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Institute for Legal and Social Sciences], pp. 391-402.
Miladinović, Z., Mićović, A., Assessment of Unfair Terms in Timeshare Contract, Teme, No. 1/2015, pp. 99-119.
Paunović, S. (2014): Uloga međuarodnih organizacija i institucija u razvoju turizma Srbije [Role of international organizations and institutions in the development of Serbian tourism], dok. disertacija [doctoral thesis], Beograd [Belgrade].
Penava, M. B., Matušić, Dj. (2012): Razvoj smeštajnih kapaciteta na Dubrovačkom području između dva svetska rata: polazište za razvoj suvremenog turizma [Development of accommodation in Dubrovnik area between the two world wars: the initial point for the development of modern tourism], Ekonomski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu [Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb], Acta Turistica, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 61-85.
Petrić, L. (2003): Osnove turizma [The foundations of Tourism], Ekonomski fakultet [Faculty of Economy], Split.
Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies, Cabi Publishing, United Kingdom.
Republički zavod za statistiku [Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]. (2008): Dva veka razvoja Srbije (statistički pregled) [Two centuries of development of Serbia (statistical review)], Beograd [Belgrade]. Available at: http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/ G2008/pdf/ G20082002.pdf, (April 20, 2016).
Sezgin, E., Yolal, M. (2012): Golden Age of Mass Tourism: Its History and Development, in: Visions for Global Tourism Industry - Creating and Sustaining Competitive Strategies, Kasimoglu, M. (Ed.), InTech. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/ books/visions-for-global-tourism-industry-creating-and-sustaining-competitive-strategies/mass-tourism-its-history-and-development-in-the-golden-age, (20.4.2016).
Singh, K. L. (2008): Trends in Travel and Tourism and Law, ISHA Books, Delhi.
Sušic, S. (1986): Turističko pravo [Tourism Law], Službeni list SFRJ [Official Journal of the SFRY] Beograd [Belgrade].
Spasić, V. (2013): Poslovanje turističkih agencija i organizatora putovanja [Management of travel agencies and tour operators], Univerzitet Singidunum, Fakultet za turistički i hotelijerski menadžment [University of Singidunum, Faculty of Tourist and Hotel Management], Beograd [Belgrade].
Story, J. (1844): Commentaries on the Law of Agency as a branch of Commercial and Maritime Jurisprudence with Occasional Illustrations from the Civil and Foreign Law, C. C. Little and J. Brown, Boston
Šarac, M., Lučić, Z., Rimsko privatno pravo, http://www.pravst.unist.hr/dokumenti/novosti/ blog/blog_dodfile_ rimsko _privatno_pravo_knjiga.doc, (April, 20, 2016).
The Contribution of the Ancient Roman Empire to Tourism Development and Lessons for Ghana’s Tourism Hospitality Industry, http://www.academia.edu/4753533/The_contribution_of_the _ Ancient _Roman_Empire_to_tourism_development_and_lessons_for_Ghana_s_tourism_hospitality_industry, (April 20, 2016).
Towner, J. (1985): The Grand Tour - A Key Phase in the History of Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 277-333.
Yale Law School – Lillian Goldman Law Library, The Code of Hammurabi, translated by King, L.W. Available at: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp, (April 20, 2016).
Zimmerman, R. (1996): The Law of Obligations, Oxford University Press.
Legal sources
Zakon o banjama, mineralnim i toplim izvorima [The Law on Spas, Mineral and Hot Water Springs], Srpske novine – Službeni dnevnik Kraljevine Srbije, br. 126 [Serbian papers – Official Journal of the Kingdom of Serbia, no. 126]. Available at: http://www.vrnjacka-banja.co.rs/zakon-o-banjama-mineralnim-i-toplim-vodama-iz-1914-g/, (April 20, 2016)
Osnovni zakon o ugostiteljskoj delatnosti [Basic Law on the Hospitality Industry], Sl. list SFRJ [Official Journal of the SFRY], no. 8/1965, 10/1965, 15 and 30/68.
Zakon o ugostiteljskoj delatnosti [Law on Hospitality Industry], Sl. glasnik SRS [Official Gazette of SRS], no. 49/1971, 24/1973 and 51/1977, 24/85 and 32/90.
Zakon o ugostiteljskoj delatnosti i ugostiteljskim uslugama koje vrše radni ljudi [Law on the Hospitality Industry and Hospitality Services Performed by the Working People], Sl. glasnik SRS [Official Gazette of SRS], no. 4/1974
Zakon o uslovima vršenja usluga turističkog vodiča i turističkih pratilaca [Law on the Conditions for the Implementation of Tourist Guides and Tourist Companions], Sl. glasnik SRS [Off. Gazette of FRS], no. 10/78, 45/84, 24/85 and 6/69.
Zakon o kampiranju [Law on Camping], Sl. glasnik SRS [Off. Gazette of FRS], no. 20/69 and 24/85.
Zakon o turizmu [Tourism Act], Sl. glasnik RS [Off. Gazette of RS], no. 35/94, 38/94 and 48/99).
Zakon o turizmu [Tourism Act], Sl. glasnik RS [Off. Gazette of RS], no. 45/05.
Zakon o turizmu [Tourism Act], Sl. glasnik RS [Official Gazette of RS], no. 36/09, 88/10, 99/11 – other law, 93/2012 and 84/15.
Zakon o banjama [Law on Spas], Sl. glasnik RS [Official Gazette of RS], no. 80/92 and 67/93 - other act.
Zakon o javnim skijalištima [Law on Public Ski Resorts], Sl. glasnik RS [Official Gazette of RS], no. 46/2006
Zakon o zaštiti životne sredine [Law on Environmental Protection], Sl. glasnik RS [Off. Gazette of RS], no. 135/04, 36/09, 36/09 – other act, 72/09 – other act and 43/11 - decision of the CC).
Zakon o nacionalnim parkovima [Law on National Parks], Sl. glasnik RS [Off. Gazette of RS], no. 39/93, 44/93 - correction, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 101/05 – other act and 36/09 - other act.
Zakon o kulturnim dobrima [Law on Cultural Property], Sl. glasnik RS [Off. Gazette of RS], no. 71/94, 52/11 - other act and 99/11 - other act.
Zakon o obligacionim odnosima [Law on Obligations], Off. Journal of SFRY no. 29/78, 39/85, 45/89 - decision and CCY 57/89, Off. Journal of FRY, no. 31/93 and Off. Journal of SME, no. 1/2003 - Constitutional Charter.
Zakon o zaštiti potrošača [Consumer Protection Act], Sl. glasnik RS [Off. Gazette of RS, no. 62/14].
Directive 90/314/EEC on package travel, package holidays and package tours [OJ L 158, 23/06/1990, p. 59-64]
Directive 2015/2302/EU on package travel and linked travel arrangements stands out, [OJ L 326, 11.12.2015, p. 1–33]
Directive 2008/122/EC on the protection of consumers in respect of certain aspects of timeshare, long-term holiday products resale and exchange contracts, [OJ L 33, 3.2.2009, p. 10–30].
